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HelpTest Code IGFB3 Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 3, Serum
Reporting Name
IGFBP-3, SUseful For
Diagnosing growth disorders
Diagnosing adult growth hormone deficiency
Monitoring of recombinant human growth hormone treatment
As a possible adjunct to insulin-like growth factor 1 and growth hormone in the diagnosis and follow-up of acromegaly and gigantism
Specimen Type
SerumNecessary Information
Indicate patient's age and sex.
Specimen Required
Patient Preparation: For 12 hours before specimen collection, do not take multivitamins or dietary supplements containing biotin (vitamin B7), which is commonly found in hair, skin, and nail supplements and multivitamins.
Collection Container/Tube:
Preferred: Red top
Acceptable: Serum gel
Submission Container/Tube: Plastic vial
Specimen Volume: 0.8 mL
Collection Instructions: Centrifuge promptly and aliquot serum into a plastic vial.
Specimen Minimum Volume
0.3 mL
Specimen Stability Information
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serum | Frozen (preferred) | 14 days | |
| Ambient | 72 hours | ||
| Refrigerated | 72 hours |
Reference Values
1-7 days: ≤0.7 mcg/mL
8-14 days: 0.5-1.4 mcg/mL
15 days-11 months: unavailable
1 year: 0.7-3.6 mcg/mL
2 years: 0.8-3.9 mcg/mL
3 years: 0.9-4.3 mcg/mL
4 years: 1.0-4.7 mcg/mL
5 years: 1.1-5.2 mcg/mL
6 years: 1.3-5.6 mcg/mL
7 years: 1.4-6.1 mcg/mL
8 years: 1.6-6.5 mcg/mL
9 years: 1.8-7.1 mcg/mL
10 years: 2.1-7.7 mcg/mL
11 years: 2.4-8.4 mcg/mL
12 years: 2.7-8.9 mcg/mL
13 years: 3.1-9.5 mcg/mL
14 years: 3.3-10 mcg/mL
15 years: 3.5-10 mcg/mL
16 years: 3.4-9.5 mcg/mL
17 years: 3.2-8.7 mcg/mL
18 years: 3.1-7.9 mcg/mL
19 years: 2.9-7.3 mcg/mL
20 years: 2.9-7.2 mcg/mL
21-25 years: 3.4-7.8 mcg/mL
26-30 years: 3.5-7.6 mcg/mL
31-35 years: 3.5-7.0 mcg/mL
36-40 years: 3.4-6.7 mcg/mL
41-45 years: 3.3-6.6 mcg/mL
46-50 years: 3.3-6.7 mcg/mL
51-55 years: 3.4-6.8 mcg/mL
56-60 years: 3.4-6.9 mcg/mL
61-65 years: 3.2-6.6 mcg/mL
66-70 years: 3.0-6.2 mcg/mL
71-75 years: 2.8-5.7 mcg/mL
76-80 years: 2.5-5.1 mcg/mL
81-85 years: 2.2-4.5 mcg/mL
Tanner Stages:
Males
Stage I: 1.4-5.2 mcg/mL
Stage II: 2.3-6.3 mcg/mL
Stage III: 3.1-8.9 mcg/mL
Stage IV: 3.7-8.7 mcg/mL
Stage V: 2.6-8.6 mcg/mL
Females
Stage I: 1.2-6.4 mcg/mL
Stage II: 2.8-6.9 mcg/mL
Stage III: 3.9-9.4 mcg/mL
Stage IV: 3.3-8.1 mcg/mL
Stage V: 2.7-9.1 mcg/mL
Note: Puberty onset, ie, the transition from Tanner stage I (prepubertal) to Tanner stage II (early pubertal), occurs for girls at a median age of 10.5 (±2) years and for boys at a median age of 11.5 (±2) years. There is evidence that it may occur up to 1 year earlier in girls who are obese and in African American girls. By contrast, for boys there is no definite proven relationship between puberty onset and body weight or ethnic origin. Progression through Tanner stages is variable. Tanner stage V (young adult) should be reached by age 18.
CPT Code Information
83520
LOINC Code Information
| Test ID | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| IGFB3 | IGFBP-3, S | 2483-6 |
| Result ID | Test Result Name | Result LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| IGFB3 | IGFBP-3, S | 2483-6 |
Clinical Information
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) is a 264-amino acid peptide (molecular weight 29 kDa) produced by the liver. It is the most abundant of a group of IGFBPs that transport and control bioavailability and half-life of the insulin-like growth factors (IGF), in particular IGF-1, the major mediator of the anabolic- and growth-promoting effects of growth hormone (GH). Noncomplexed IGFBP-3 and IGF-1 have short half-lives (t1/2) of 30 to 90 minutes and 10 minutes, respectively, while the IGFBP-3/IGF-1 complex is cleared with a much slower t1/2 of 12 hours. In addition to its IGF-binding function, IGFBP-3 also exhibits intrinsic growth-regulating effects that are not yet fully understood but have evoked interest with regards to a possible role of IGFBP-3 as a prognostic tumor marker.
The secretion patterns of IGFBP-3 and IGF-1 mimic each other; their respective syntheses are primarily controlled by GH. Unlike GH secretion, which is pulsatile and demonstrates significant diurnal variation, IGFBP-3 and IGF-1 levels show only minor fluctuations. IGFBP-3 and IGF-1 serum levels therefore represent a stable and integrated measurement of GH production and tissue effect.
Low IGFBP-3 and IGF-1 levels are observed in GH deficiency or GH resistance. If acquired in childhood, these conditions result in short stature. Childhood GH deficiency can be an isolated abnormality or associated with deficiencies of other pituitary hormones. Some of the latter cases may be due to pituitary or hypothalamic tumors or result from cranial radiation or intrathecal chemotherapy for childhood malignancies. Most GH resistance in childhood is mild to moderate, with causes ranging from poor nutrition to severe systemic illness (eg, kidney failure). These individuals may have IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels within the reference range. Severe childhood GH resistance is rare and usually due to GH-receptor defects. Both GH deficiency and mild-to-moderate GH resistance can be treated with recombinant human GH (rhGH) injections. The prevalence and causes of adult GH resistance are uncertain, but adult GH deficiency is seen mainly in pituitary tumor patients. It is associated with decreased muscle bulk and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but replacement therapy remains controversial.
Elevated serum IGFBP-3 and IGF-1 levels indicate a sustained overproduction of GH or excessive rhGH therapy. Endogenous GH excess is caused mostly by GH-secreting pituitary adenomas, resulting in gigantism, if acquired before epiphyseal closure, and in acromegaly thereafter. Both conditions are associated with generalized organomegaly, hypertension, diabetes, cardiomyopathy, osteoarthritis, compression neuropathies, a mild increase in cancer risk, and diminished longevity. It is plausible, but unproven, that long-term rhGH-overtreatment may result in similar adverse outcomes.
Interpretation
For all applications, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) measurement has generally been shown to have superior diagnostic sensitivity and specificity compared with insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3). IGFBP-3 testing should, therefore, usually be combined with IGF-1 testing. The combination of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 measurements appears superior to determining either analyte alone in the diagnosis of growth hormone (GH) deficiency and resistance and in the monitoring of recombinant human GH therapy. By contrast, in the diagnosis and follow-up of acromegaly and gigantism, IGFBP-3 measurement adds little if anything to IGF-1 testing.
IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels below the 2.5th percentile for age are consistent with GH deficiency or severe resistance, but patients with incomplete GH deficiency or mild-to-moderate GH resistance may have levels within the reference range. In GH deficiency, GH levels are also low and show suboptimal responses in stimulation tests (eg, exercise, clonidine, arginine, ghrelin, growth hormone-releasing hormone, insulin-induced hypoglycemia), while in severe GH resistance, GH levels are substantially elevated. However, dynamic GH testing is not always necessary for diagnosis. If it is undertaken, it should be performed and interpreted in endocrine testing centers under the supervision of an endocrinologist.
The aim of both pediatric and adult GH replacement therapy is to achieve IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels within the reference range, ideally within the middle to upper third. Higher levels are rarely associated with any further therapeutic gains but could potentially lead to long-term problems of GH excess.
Elevated IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels support the diagnosis of acromegaly or gigantism in individuals with appropriate symptoms or signs. In successfully treated patients, both levels should be within the normal range, ideally within the lower third. In both diagnosis and follow-up, IGF-1 levels correlate better with clinical disease activity than IGFBP-3 levels.
Reject Due To
| Gross hemolysis | Reject |
| Gross lipemia | OK |
| Gross icterus | Reject |
Method Name
Enzyme-Labeled Chemiluminescent Immunometric Assay